Motivaciones de los voluntarios corporativos y factores que influyen sobre ellas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.43.2.2022.Org.4Palabras clave:
Voluntariado Corporativo, Voluntariado Personal, Motivaciones, Voluntarios, Altruismo, UruguayResumen
El conocimiento de las motivaciones de los voluntarios es un insumo crítico para el diseño de estrategias de captación y retención en los programas de voluntariado corporativo. No obstante, su importancia, la investigación empírica sobre la motivación en este tipo de voluntariado es apenas incipiente y aislada. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la estructura de motivaciones de los voluntarios corporativos y estudiar si esa estructura depende de factores sociodemográficos y culturales de los voluntarios y de la práctica del voluntariado personal en instituciones sociales. Es un estudio de tipo correlacional apoyado en una metodología de tipo cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto-administrado a voluntarios de 13 empresas que en Uruguay implementan programas de voluntariado corporativo. Las motivaciones se midieron en base al Volunteer Functions Inventory, que es una herramienta validada y ampliamente aplicada para medir las motivaciones del voluntariado en organizaciones sociales. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con los de investigaciones realizadas en otros países, con la diferencia de que los motivos relacionados con el interés por adquirir conocimientos registraron un mayor peso relativo que los estrictamente altruistas. También se encontró que la estructura de motivaciones resultó ser independiente de la mayoría de las variables que caracterizan a los voluntarios, al tiempo que se registraron diferencias significativas al comparar entre voluntarios de distintas empresas. Entre las principales conclusiones se destaca que la motivación de los voluntarios corporativos combina motivos altruistas y egocéntricos, que la estructura de motivaciones de cada voluntario no parece depender de factores personales y que existen factores relacionados con la empresa que impactan sobre esa estructura.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Oscar Daniel Licandro Goldaracena, Stefanía Yapor González, María Patricia Correa García
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