Caracterización ecológica de la flora de arvenses del alto y bajo Ricaurte (Boyacá)

Abstract

Introduction: In agro-ecosystems, arvenses contribute positively and negatively to ecological and conservation processes of soil, environment, crops and in the competition for resources such as nutrients, water, space and light.

Objective: The objective of the research was to characterize the arvense flora in the upper at the taxonomic and wealth level, within the agricultural use of soils (municipality of Gachantivá) and Bajo Ricaurte (municipality of Chitaraque) in the province of Ricaurte in the Department of Boyacá.

Method: A characterization of weeds species was carried out at the level of 15 farms in each municipality, where a PVC table measuring 1 x 1 = 1 m² was used to make a random identification of weeds flora in both richness and coverage in two 0.5 ha plots.

Results: A high of richness of weed was found within the farms, with 63 species and 30 families in the municipality of Chitaraque and 40 species and 16 families in Gachantivá, for a total of 103 species within the characterized zone, 8 species coincide in the two municipalities; finding more diversity on the farms of Chitaraque.

Conclusions: In Chitaraque Poaceae and Asteraceae families predominated, prevailing arvenses like “helecho gallina”, brachiaria, “pate gallina” grass, “dormidera” and “tote” given its percentage of coverage within the lots. In Gachancipa the families with the largest coverage and total species were Poaceae with 10 species and a general coverage of 48.16%, followed by Cyperaceae and Asteraceae, predominating kikuyo.