Fracking as a guarantee of Energy Security in countries with low conventional oil reserves

Abstract

Introduction— Fracking is one of the most recent techniques presented by the hydrocarbon industry to guarantee the extraction of oil from non-conventional fields and thus maintain the energy security of many countries such as the United States, China, Canada, and even is one of the potential practices in Colombia. Although it is a promising technique because of its advanced level of engineering, its impacts, and environmental effects are today a subject of debate partly due to limited information and limited detailed research on the consequences.

Objective— This article presents the generalities of the technique, a historical timeline, advantages and disadvantages of the implementation, successful cases, and the implications on the environment.

Methodology— This is achieved through a review and classification of information from studies and research developed in the world on the named technique.

Results— The advantages are clear: increase in proven reserves, energy independence, increased employment, economic development, among others.

Conclusions— There are disadvantages such as excessive use of water, use of toxic additives, generation of earthquakes, and negative environmental effects. All of the above is related to previous investigations carried out with fracking.