La Automatización en Pymes: Brechas Tecnológicas en la Industria 4.0 en Cartagena - Colombia

Abstract

Automation and Industry 4.0 are key to the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), but their adoption remains limited in emerging economies. In Cartagena, Colombia, technology gaps hinder digital transformation, affecting sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, and petrochemicals. Poor infrastructure, restricted access to finance, and a shortage of specialized talent are the main obstacles. This research seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities in the adoption of automation in SMEs in Cartagena, providing inputs for modernization strategies. The methodology included (i) a desk review, (ii) application of a survey instrument to 87 SMEs, and (iii) assessment of adoption strategies. The results reveal limitations in digital infrastructure, technical training, and financing, but also opportunities in public-private partnerships and fiscal incentives. It is concluded that overcoming these barriers requires investment in technology, specialized training, and support policies to strengthen the competitiveness of SMEs in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.