Plariagism policy

The journal enforces a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism in all its forms, in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics and the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

Plagiarism is defined as the use of previously published ideas, data, text, images, or results without proper attribution, including:

• Direct plagiarism
• Self-plagiarism or redundant publication
• Inadequate paraphrasing
• Undisclosed reuse or manipulation of figures, tables, or data

All submitted manuscripts are screened using similarity detection software (e.g., iThenticate or equivalent) prior to peer review.

Procedures in case of suspected plagiarism:

• Before peer review: immediate rejection.
• During review: suspension and investigation
• After publication: retraction and institutional notification if applicable

The journal reserves the right to notify authors' affiliated institutions in cases of serious scientific misconduct.