Transformadores de distribución que operan con aceite de origen vegetal como dieléctrico y refrigerante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08Palabras clave:
Aceite de origen vegetal, transformadores de distribución, equipos eléctricos, medio ambiente, propiedades químicasResumen
Las investigaciones en desarrollo respecto al uso de aceites de origen vegetal como refrigerantes en transformadores de distribución han tenido resultados destacados en otros países. En Colombia no existe un procedimiento para monitorear la aplicación de estos aceites en equipos eléctricos, por lo tanto, la actual implementación se regula por la norma técnica NTC 1465 para aceites de origen mineral. Esta propuesta de nueva tecnología contempla la composición y las propiedades más relevantes (resistencia a la ignición, impacto en el tiempo de vida del papel e impacto en el medio ambiente), lo cual provee de mayor número de ventajas al aceite vegetal y un mejor desempeño en eficiencia.
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[1] NTC1465, NTC 1465: Especificaciones para Aceites Minerales Nuevos. Aislantes para Transformadores, Interruptores y Equipos Eléctricos., Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas ICONTEC, 2003.
[2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003.
[3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
[4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008.
[5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011.
[6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012.
[7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989.
[8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956.
[9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005.
[10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007.
[11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999.
[12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002.
[13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004.
[14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004.
[15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006.
[16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.
[17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997.
[18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.
[19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004.
[20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009.
[21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988.
[22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005.
[23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001.
[24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998.
[25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982.
[26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998.
[27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965.
[28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
[2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003.
[3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
[4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008.
[5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011.
[6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012.
[7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989.
[8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956.
[9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005.
[10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007.
[11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999.
[12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002.
[13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004.
[14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004.
[15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006.
[16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.
[17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997.
[18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.
[19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004.
[20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009.
[21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988.
[22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005.
[23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001.
[24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998.
[25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982.
[26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998.
[27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965.
[28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
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2016-12-19
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Silva-Ortega, J. I., Zapata-Rivera, J., Candelo-Becerra, J. E., Rosales-Hernández, N., Umaña-Ibáñez, S. F., Mejia-Taboada, M. A., Palacio-Bonill, A. R., & Torregroza Rosas, M. (2016). Transformadores de distribución que operan con aceite de origen vegetal como dieléctrico y refrigerante. Inge Cuc, 12(2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
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