Comparative Analysis of IPv4 and IPv6 to Improve Quality of Service on a University Wireless Network

Resumen

Abstract

Introduction: The exhaustion of IPv4 addresses has created an imperative need to globally adopt IPv6 as the primary protocol to ensure the continuity and expansion of the Internet. This transition from IPv4 to IPv6 implies the coexistence of both protocols in dual-stack networks, which represents a significant technical challenge that impacts the quality of service.

Objective: To analyze the comparative performance of IPv4 and IPv6 protocols in a dual-stack network implemented at the Universidad de la Costa, to evaluate their impact on the quality of service, and propose recommendations for an efficient transition to IPv6.

Method: An experimental study was conducted in the wireless network of the Universidad de la Costa. Performance metrics, including connection speed, traffic performance, and error rate, were evaluated for both protocols. The analysis was complemented with the observation of specific network events, such as TCP connection establishment and TLS packet handling, using traffic capture and analysis tools.

Results: The results show that IPv4 and IPv6 have similar average speeds, with a slight advantage for IPv4. However, IPv6 had a lower error rate (2.92%) compared to IPv4 (3.69%), indicating more efficient transmission. Greater variability was observed in IPv6, particularly during the processing of specific network tasks. Both protocols demonstrated reliable overall performance, albeit with key differences in service stability and consistency.

Conclusions: The transition to IPv6 offers significant advantages in terms of address availability and data transmission efficiency, but also presents challenges associated with the stability of specific network parameters. Successful implementation in academic environments requires sound technological governance, including clear policies, constant monitoring, and staff training. This study offers valuable guidance for institutions facing similar challenges in their IPv6 adoption processes.