Uso de la Inteligencia Artificial para la gestión de la salud de los pacientes, en instituciones prestadoras de salud. Beneficios y riesgos

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) in the health sector promises great impacts, allowing humanity to face challenges such as early detection of diseases, accurate diagnoses, personalization of treatments and optimization of processes in health service providers.

Objective: To examine recent literature on the implications of using AI in healthcare management, exploring both its benefits and associated concerns.

Method: The research is descriptive based on documentary analysis of articles published between 01/01/2018 and 06/30/2024, in English and Spanish, in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science Sciences, published between the years 2018-2024 are considered.

Results: This review highlights the potential of AI to improve diagnostic accuracy, personalize treatments and reduce medical errors, acting as a cognitive assistant in clinical workflows. However, there are acknowledged risks related to ethics, data privacy, and regulatory development.

Conclusions: While AI presents a significant opportunity for digital transformation to improve health management for people and healthcare providers, its responsible implementation requires clear regulatory frameworks and strategies focused on people (patients and healthcare professionals). In this way, the aim is to take advantage of its benefits, mitigating risks and promoting reliable, equitable and efficient medical care. Therefore, this review is important to understand different positions and to continue with the assessment of the impacts and research on specific topics.