Diversidad de la flora arvense presente en parcelas de pequeños agricultores, previstas para policultivos en cinco municipios de Boyacá

Abstract

 Abstract

Introduction- The most critical impact of weeds is the negative effect on cultivated plants exerted through competition for limited resources and allelopathies. Studies have demonstrated the dominance of weeds in crops and have established ecological methods for good integrated management.    

Objective-. To characterize the diversity of weed species in 60 smallholder farms in five municipalities of Boyacá, planned for polycultures.

Methodology-. The research was carried out in 60 farms in five municipalities of the Department: Aquitania, Belén, Garagoa, Panqueba and Soatá, in each one two plots of 0.5 ha were sampled where the weeds present were determined in two frames of 1m².  

Results-. The presence of 109 species of weeds located in 93 genera and 38 botanical families was observed, being the most representative Poaceae with 18 species, Asteraceae with 15 species and Fabaceae with 9. The families Amarantaceae Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poligonaceae and Solanaceae were represented by 4 species. The farms were grouped into 3 or 4 groups in each municipality according to the biodiversity indicators of the weeds, while the municipalities formed three groups.

 Conclusions- From the point of view of their agricultural importance, the species most frequently present in the municipalities were: P. clandestinum, Sonchus oleraceus L, Trifolium repens and Rumex crispus. In general, species richness at the farm level was low, equity medium and dominance high, while at the municipal level were observed high species richness, medium indicators of diversity and equity and low dominance